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资源说明：Creates and installs a new instance of a virtual machine (guest) in a KVM node.
lxcinstance
===========
Deploys an LXC container with `lxc-create -t debian` plus a couple of
customizations. This is a fast way of creating local containers for
development. You probably want to ajust it according to your development
environment.
vminstance
==========
Creates a new instance of a virtual machine in the (localhost)
node, ready to boot via PXE. Another system must take care
of boostrapping it (suggestion: FAI).
The script can also mount/umount volumes associated to a virtual
machine, and delete it (both the guest definition and its volumes).
vmbootstrap
===========
Creates and installs a new instance of a virtual machine (guest) in the KVM
node that runs the script. This includes:
- Configure a *libvirt* instance.
- Create filesystems.
- Debootstrap a Debian system.
- Make the guest bootable: install a kernel and configure Grub.
- Configure the guest so it can be accessed by SSH.
**vmbootstrap** configures the VM just to the point of being usable with ssh.
Any other configuration is left to deployment tools ([Capistrano][capistrano],
[Fabric][fabric]) or configuration management tools ([Puppet][puppet],
[Chef][chef], [Cfengine][cfengine]).
Right now only KVM is supported for virtualization and only Debian guests can
be installed.
The guest is installed with *debootstrap*. This makes the configuration easier
to tweak than with a tool based on presseding *debian-installer*.
This script is largely inspired by:
- [Debian DSA Install KVM procedure][dsa_install]
- *newvserver* on *vserver-utils* Debian package
Filesystem layout
-----------------
Every guest's partition has a LV on the KVM node. No partitions neither LVM is
done inside the guest. That makes easy to grow disks and resize/fsck
filesystems from the KVM node.
The only exception is for `/boot`: the disk has a partition so we can install
Grub on the MBR.
So, if we have a VG called 'host' and the new machine is called 'guest', there
will be three LV on the host:
/dev/host/guest-boot
/dev/host/guest-root
/dev/host/guest-swap
Guest's /etc/fstab will look like this:
/dev/vda1 /boot ext3 defaults 0 0
/dev/vdb /root ext3 defaults 0 0
/dev/vdc none swap sw 0 0
Network and default values
--------------------------
The *libvirt* instance has the network configured as 'bridge'.
Default values are infered from the KVM host. All of them can be customized in
a configuration file (`~/.vmbootstrap`).
Utilities
---------
Some steps this scripts does are useful too while doing VM maintenance, so
command-line options are provided for invoking them:
- Mount `/boot` and `/` (under `/mnt//`).
- Umount.
- Re-install *Grub*.
- Remove a guest's definition and the volumes it was using.
Alternatives
------------
[virt-install][virt-manager] can do most of these tasks but must be preseed.
[vmbuilder][vmbuilder] will become a very nice option once it supports Debian
hosts. Does a similar subset of tasks but doesn't use *debootstrap*.
Bernd Zeimetz wrote a
[vmbuilder extension that supports Debian Etch][vmbuilder-bzed]
(but not yet Lenny). David Wendt was working on
[support for Debian as a GSoC-2009][vmbuilder-dwnedt].
[Cobbler][cobbler] has a lot of (useful) features but installation on Debian
doesn't look straighforward.
--------
Jordi Funollet
Fri, 18 Sep 2009 00:25:26 +0200
[fabric]: http://fabfile.org/
[capistrano]: http://www.capify.org/
[puppet]: http://reductivelabs.com/products/puppet/
[chef]: http://wiki.opscode.com/display/chef/Home
[cfengine]: http://www.cfengine.org/
[dsa_install]: http://dsa.debian.org/howto/install-kvm/
[virt-manager]: http://virt-manager.et.redhat.com/
[vmbuilder]: https://launchpad.net/vmbuilder
[vmbuilder-bzed]: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/vm-builder/+bug/235562
[vmbuilder-dwnedt]: http://wiki.debian.org/VMBuilder
[cobbler]: https://fedorahosted.org/cobbler/
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