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Overall goal: the telling of the Armada de Mulucca's global circumnavigation and the lives of the men involved. research and initial story should be comprehensive, but with an eye toward adapting it to a graphic novel and screenplay
Imagine the greatest single achievement on the sea told in Watchmen-style.
Storytelling:
This story is a complex one, involving many individuals and cultures and locations around the globe.
"If you want Calculon to race to the laser gun battle in his hover-Ferarri, press 1.
If you want Calculon to double-check his paperwork, press 2." -- Futurama
The goal is to hint at enough of this complexity to do the story justice, while maintaining a
sufficiently-paced narrative. We don't want to gloss over details that help fill in the setting,
the people and the events; but we don't want to get bogged down either. I don't want to alter
history, but I do want to tell it in a compelling way.
I would like to tell the events of the Armada de Moluccas in a mostly linear fashion, but
fill in some of the time at sea and at rest with character backstory via the memories and dreams
of the men on the voyage, especially Magellan. I think this will allow us to get right to the point
of the story of the Armada while also doing character development. Bonus if we can weave the
flashbacks in a way that a) the audience can make sense of and b)
For example, I want to put the torture and execution of Quesada in the perspective of the
contemporary Spanish Inquisition.
I want to explain Magellan's actions on the circumnavigation by way of the times in which he lived
and the evidence we have of his personality on previous tours of duty... without this being
a strict linear history of Spain or Portugal or even a biography of Magellan.
I also want to compare this most masterful voyage of discovery with other historical explorations,
specifically:
* Apollo 11's journey to the moon
* Kon-Tiki's trans-Pacific raft journey
* maybe Journey of the Beagle
Proceed:
Approximate timeline that breaks the story into manageable pieces by time and location
Literary devices
Magellan can confide in Pigafetta, who was chronicler and had ingratiated himself
Non-Spanish/Portuguses sailors can ask the Spanish/Portuguese sailors about things
que 'strappado'?
"It is an old saying that God gave the Portuguese a very small country to live in, but all the world in which to die." -- The European discovery of America : the southern voyages A.D. 1492-1616, Samuel Eliot Morison. p313
Questions:
When did Magellan meet Rui Faleiro?
Moris says they met in Portugal
Bergreen says they met in Spain
How does Juan de Aranda fit in exactly?
Each story has a slightly different description of him and meeting arrangement...
Does Magellan contact him or vice versa? Or does someone else bring him onboard?
Sources / References: books, journals, testimony, logs, maps, etc.
Firsthand:
Antonio Pigafetta's journal: original lost, 3 copies in french, 1 in italian
The account written by Antonio Pigafetta, the expedition's official chronicler and one of the survivors of the voyage, did not appear until 1525, in Paris, and was not wholly published until the first year of the 19th century; this was the edition by Carlo Amoretti published in 1800. This edition is now famously called the Ambrosiana codex. It is through Transylvanus' account that Europe was informed of the first circumnavigation of the globe.
Francisco Albo, whose "log-book" (trustworthy, though fragmentary) is contained in Navarrete's famous "Coleccion"
memoir by survivor Ginés de Mafra
"The Genoese pilot" Juan Bautista Punzorol
a Portugese companion of Duarte Barbosa (preserved by Ramusio)
navigational notes of Andrés de San Martín, who was the fleet's chief pilot and astrologer: LOST
These papers have been lost and now exist only in quotes, references, and citations by several Spanish chroniclers, including Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas
Historia general de los hechos de los Castellanos en las islas y tierra firme del Mar Oceano (Madrid, 1601-1615, 4 vols)
Martinho de Aiamonte
There are five eyewitness chronicles mentioning Magellan's visit to Mazaua. The authors and the dates of publication of their writings are Antonio Pigafetta,1800; The Genoese Pilot, 1826; Francisco Albo, 1837; Ginés de Mafra, 1920; Martín de Ayamonte,1933.
Secondhand:
"De Moluccis Insulis" (The Mollocus Islands) Maximilian Transylvanus, a secretary of King Charles, interviewed Elcano, Albo and Bustamenta (and Pigafetta?) at length in Valladolid
A surviving copy of the first edition of his work can be found in the Beinecke Library (Yale University). A second edition can be found at the Scheepvaart Museum (Amsterdam). Princeton University Library has copies of the Cologne and Rome printings.
Peter Martyr, both contemporaries, who conversed with the Magellan survivors in Seville;
Oviedo, who was then in Darien;
Correa, author of Lendas da India;
Herrera, Spanish historiographer
Third-hand:
The European discovery of America : the southern voyages A.D. 1492-1616, Samuel Eliot Morison.
Bergreen, Laurence. Over the Edge of the World, Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe. HarperCollins: New York, 2003.
Colección de Documentos Inéditos para la Historia de España, Volume 2? Martín Fernández de Navarrete y Ximénez de Tejada
The First Voyage Round the World
http://books.google.com/books?id=SwsVAAAAQAAJ&dq=the%20first%20voyage%20round%20the%20world&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false
The_first_voyage_round_the_world.pdf
timeline p72
Genoese Pilot p78-106
Pigafetta p?-242
Maximilian Transylvanus: p258-289
early history by Portguese historian João de Barros?
Related:
The Odyssey
Voyage of the Beagle: another European perspective on South American coastline
includes illustrations
Kon-Tiki: Across the Pacific in a Raft
smashing into a reef at Raroia in the Tuamotu Islands
The Tempest: "Caliban" was partly inspired by Pigafetta's account of the Patagonian
New Amsterdam Island / Île Amsterdam
French Captain Pierre François Péron, born in 1769 at Lambézellec, near Brest was marooned three years (from 1792 to 1795). He wrote an account about being marooned for 40 months gathering sealskins on that lonely Southern Indian Ocean island.
Principal Characters
Francisco Serrão (Portuguese soldier / cousin of Magellan / admiral of the Ternate navy) to the Spice Islands in 1512; wrote Magellan letters; died around the same time as Magellan
King Manuel (King of Portugal) [Big Bad] rejects Magellan's requests multiple times over many years
King Charles I (later Charles V, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire) [The Strategist]
Juan Rodriguez de Fonseca (bishop of Burgos) [Big Bad / The Chessmaster]
Casa de Contratación (La Casa y Audiencia de Indias) [Big Bad]
Cristóbol de Haro (Flemish financier based in Lisbon) [Only in It for the Money] bore a grudge against Manuel I
Rui Faleiro (cosmographer) [Chaotic Neutral] friend and partner, slowly going insane
Beatriz Barbosa (Magellan's wife)
Diogo Barbosa (Magellan's father-in-law)
The Armada de Molucca
Trinidad
Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães) (Fernando de Magallanes)
(Captain General) [Protagonist / The Leader / Principles Zealot / Well-Intentioned Extremist]
Estêvão Gomes (pilot major)
Gonzalo Gómez de Espinosa (algacil / master at arms)
Francisco Albo (pilot)
Pedro de Valderrama (chaplain)
Ginés de Mafra (seaman)
Enrique de Malacca (interpreter)
Duarte Barbosa (supernumerary)
Alvaro de Mesquita (Magellan's relative, supernumerary)
Antonio Pigafetta (chronicler, supernumerary)
Cristóvão Rebelo (Magellan's illegitmate son, supernumerary)
San Antonio
Juan de Cartagena (captain and inspector general)
Antonio de Coca (Fonseca's nephew / fleet accountant / spy)
Andres de San Martin (astrologer and pilot)
Juan de Elorriaga (master)
Gerónimo Guerra (clerk)
Bernard de Calmette a.k.a. Pero Sanchez de la Reina (chaplain)
Concepción
Gaspar de Quesada (captain)
Joao Lopes Carvalho (pilot)
Juan Sebastian Elcano (master)
Juan de Acurio (mate)
Hernando Bustamente (barber)
Joãozito Carvalho (cabin boy)
Martin de Magalhaes (supernumerary)
Victoria
Luis de Mendoza (captain)
Vasco Gomes Gallego (pilot)
Antonio Salamon (master)
Miguel de Rodas (mate)
Santiago
Juan Rodriguez Serrano (captain)
Baltasar Palla (master)
Bartolomé Prieur (mate)
also:
Pope Alexander VI () divided world in half
Juan de Aranda ("ambitious merchant" / head of the Spanish India House of Trade / Factor of the Casa de Contratación)
Rajah Siaiu (King of Mazaua)
Humabon (King of Cebu)
Lapu Lapu (King of Mactan)
Pedro Alfonsode Lorosa (Portugese renegade who defected and was beheaded by Brito's men)
Antonio de Brito (Portugese-appointed governor of the Spice Islands) : [The Dragon]
Magellan's contemporaries:
Christopher Columbus
Amerigo Vespucci
Vasco de Gama
Details
By ship: determine where and when each ship ended its journey
By person: determine the beginning and ending time/location for
~260 crew
Measurements, nautical and otherwise
span : ~9 inches
fathom : 6 feet
league : ~4 miles
Topics / Themes / Dimensions:
Crew life aboard the ship: each man's jobs, sleep, interaction, entertainment, food, bathroom, etc.
Spanish naval customs
Navigation: sun, time-keeping, quadrant
Communication: even amongst the ships this was difficult
When the San Antonio (secretly) deserted Magellan left a marker and letter for them on land, as per custom
Clothing:
how did they keep warm in high latitudes?
Food
Weapons: the ship's guns are old
Family: Magellan brings many of his cousins (and an illegitimate son) along, several of them are made captain
Trust:
At least 2 of the men were certainly outright spies for Charles
Magellan's
Non-crew life aboard the ship
slaves, Captives, Girls, Family, Livestock, Pests
Wildlife
Fish
fishing
flying fish
tuna
sharks ominously circling the boat full of starving men at Ilha de los Tiburones
Whale bones near Strait
Birds of the pacific
guanacos
penguins
sea wolves
others: whales, dolphins,
Unexplained (to them)
St. Elmo's fire
scurvy
date off 1 day
Allegiance
mutiny
sailors deserting
Death
burial at sea
torture
execution
Discovery
The Southern Cross constellation
Magellanic cloud
indonesian recipes
Isolation : tiny ships and a big, uncaring world
Language
the story involves people from many nations
languages: Spanish, Portugese, naval Spanish, Italian, native languages
Senses : subtle things
taste water salinity in the Strait for clues to ocean vs. bay
Sex
homosexuality leading to execution
intercourse between sailors and natives
did Magellan really abstain...?
Religion
saints listed on the crew manifest
Magellan's zeal
conversions
mass
cross at Mazau
St. Elmo's fire
Ship's health / maintenance / repairs
constructed from oak?
Continuity
Calculate the phases of the Moon, position of the Sun and locations of stars/constellations during the journey based on the Armada's location and the time of year
Things to Stress / How to show
The age (Age of Discovery, Age of Sail)
Ancient oar-propelled galleys were still in mainstream use
State-of-the-art knowledge:
Ptolemy's geography and astrology
Pliny the Elder's 'Natural History'
Maps/charts were top secret
Cosmography maps the general features of the universe, describing both heaven and Earth
Popular travel stories:
The Travels of Marco Polo
The Travels of Sir John Mandeville
(Prester John)
People were smaller : average height was 5'3"
Sailors especially would be small, they also suffered malnutrition
The Spanish Inquisition was ongoing, explains ethnocentrism, intolerence and torture
Columbus had just discovered the Carribean only a generation before
1519–21: Hernán Cortés leads the Spanish conquest of Mexico.
The natives' POV
Europeans claim to have 'discovered' these islands...
show the anchoring of Armada de Molucca from the perspective of a Chinese merchant
Philippines had been doing business with Arabs, Indians and Chinese for centuries
Magellan's love for Christianity and for king and country and his overall passion and boldness
contrast the repeated, cold dismissal by Manuel
The insane value of cloves and spices: compare/contrast human life, gold, narcotics, etc.
support by showing how awful food was without it, and how it was used in medicines, etc
CONTRAST the wealth of the Spice Islands as reported in Serrao's letters
The bitterness of the sea war between Spain and Portugal
The fact that the Portugese sent ships out to seek and destroy them
King Charles
his youth
chin deformity
How little Charles cared for the men he sponsored, or cloves for that matter, only money and titles
Magellan's character based on...
military campaigns in his youth
How much Magellan sacrificed before the journey even launched; he left behind...
his country of birth and ~30 years of service
his wife and child
his friend Ruy Faleiro
The danger of sailing
demonstrate via Magellan and Serrao's histories of their ships striking reefs
The Europeans' effect on the natives
The transmission of disease
How cold it was in Patagonia
The Fillipino pride over Magellan's defeat and death at Mactan
every year they hold "Kadaugan sa Mactan" on Cebu (?) to commemorate Lapu Lapu's defeat
Lapu-Lapu vs. Magellan in combat-style video game http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fDC3YA7Kww
The legacy of Christianity in The Philippines
The danger of traversing the Cape of Good Hope
60 foot rogue waves(!)
Transitions during the story
The insulation of persistent cultural society of upper-crust Europe to the exposure to the
uncaring sea and land of undeveloped parts of the world
The excitement of Magellan's time sailing the Indies 1505-1512, and his attempts to reunite with Serrao
Francisco Serrão from Magellan's brother in arms to Spice Island then to death
...imagine a Godfather-style power consolidation series between Ternate and Tidore
Magellan's motivation is partly fueled by nostalgia for Serrão and the good times they had in their youth
King Charles it's all about titles and thus money, the crew are expendable
In 1519 Charles is ~18, when they return he is 21 and Holy Roman Emperor
In 1521 he is negotiating to mary Manuel's daughter Isabel for political reasons
Leadership: Magellan rules with a strong hand and singular vision, after his death the ships are not properly maintained and go astray
The Eastern façade of the Cathedral of Seville was begun in 1519 and completed in 1522
Rats are thrown overboard at first, but are eaten later as food runs out
Magellan's religious fervor grows; up until Cebu/Mactan it is positive
...begins conversions peacefully as a show of honor with great success, but eventually attacks anyone who DOESN'T convert
Cats appear on the ships before starvation in the Pacific, then disappear and nobody mentions it
Climaxes:
Tragic Mistake: Magellan's choice to sidetrack their mission to violently enforce Christianity upon the Mactan
Point of No Return: When Magellan storms the Mactan sandbar/beach
Downer Ending: most of the men die of malnutrition, Epinosa loses his ship, nearly half the remaining men are captured by the Portugese in the Verdes
Reveals
Quesada mutiny
the Strait
Pacific side
the true size of the Pacific
Magellan's heavy-handedness in killing natives
Portugal already had access to the Spice Islands, which is why Manuel repeatedly turned Magellan down
Temporal Juxtapositions
Quesada's mutiny / the oath of loyalty by the officers in the church before they left
Perception / Symbology / Visual Stylistic Interpretation
Magellan and Pigafetta have been compared to Don Quixote and Sancho Panza
Show Patagonian people as actual giants as reported, or as ~6ft tall?
When Magellan looks at the Southern Cross he sees a brighter, more-illuminated cross shape than others do
When the ships finally reach Guam they form a skull
When Magellan is fatally struck he briefly forms a cross
Practical questions:
Tons of sailing ones
How much draft did a carrack have?
What was the process of scouting and landing at an island like?
How deep did the water need to be?
Anchoring
How to measure depth, spot sandbars/reefs/etc
How far would they row in?
How many men would go ashore and how many would stay on the ship?
Sailing course based...
geography
navigation
currents
winds
maps
What do we learn about storytelling from history-based Hollywood film?
Good: Braveheart, Gladiator, Troy, 300, The Last Samauri, Last of the Mohicans, The Patriot, Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves
Script with heavy historical romantic revisions
One or more large, violent, hand-to-hand battle scene
Protagonist played by mainstream male Hollywood hunk
A demonized antagonist (except: Troy)
Takes place
Bad: The Conqueror, Alexander, The Messenger: Joan of Arc, 1492: Conquest of Paradise
Non-(straight white male) protagonist
Absurdly miscast protagonist
Overt homosexuality (Alexander)
300: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/300_(comics)
I'd like to go this route; producing a limited series of comic books
Other non-superhero comics to be made into (good) films: Sin City, The Crow, Hellboy, V for Vendetta, Watchmen,
Road to Perdition, From Hell, A History of Violence, Kick-Ass, Men in Black, (Mystery Men), Red, Tales from the Crypt, Timecop,
Related films: 1492 (beautiful visuals, terrible script)
Magellan films/series:
Films containing Ferdinand Magellan: http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0027108/
Magellán (1977) http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0125387/
In order to make this more Hollywood:
Need to emphasize female roles and love
Emphasize action
Scurvy
Early symptoms are malaise and lethargy. After 1–3 months, patients develop shortness of breath and bone pain. Myalgias may occur because of reduced carnitine production. Other symptoms include skin changes with roughness, easy bruising and petechiae, gum disease, loosening of teeth, poor wound healing, and emotional changes. Dry mouth and dry eyes similar to Sjögren's syndrome may occur. In the late stages, jaundice, generalized edema, oliguria, neuropathy, fever, and convulsions, and eventual death are frequently seen.
Chapters
Pre-journey
Magellan's life
Portugese's secret supply route
Financing
Charles' money shortage
Blackening of Megellan's name
Journey
Seville -> Cape Verde -> Rio
South American coast
Over-wintering in Puerto San Julián
Mutiny of Concepción and San Antonio
Execution / torture / marooning
Patagonian Giants: Patagão" (i.e. "Patagon", or Patagoni in Pigafetta's Italian plural) pata=foot
Looking for the strait
Shipwreck of the Santiago and the rescue of her crew
Tierra del Fuego
Strait of Magellan / Dragon's Tail
icebergs / strong winds
Mutiny and desertion of the San Antonio
Crossing the Pacific
Phillipines
Cebu / Limasawa
Battle of Mactan
Massacre at Cebu
Tearing down of the cross
Spice Islands at last
Parting ways
Victoria's Tidore -> Cape of Good Hope -> Seville
scurvy and starvation
some members captured by Portugese
Post-journey
Thanksgiving at Church
Slaves / captives
Financial success
Eventual freeing of Portugese prisoners
Interviews by Charles, Maximilian
Magellan's legacy
Magellan's namesake: GPS units, satellites,
Wind up our story's characters
Procession honoring Magellan's discoveries?
[Ferdinand Magellan and the First Circumnavigation of the World](http://www.marinersmuseum.org/education/ferdinand-magellan-and-first-circumnavigation-world)
[Ferdinand Magellan](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan)
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Things:
The Santo Niño de Cebú ("Holy Child of Cebu") is a Roman Catholic figure of the Child Jesus highly similar to the Infant Jesus of Prague. Like the image's counterpart in Prague, the figure is clothed in expensive textile robes mostly donations from fervent devotees in the Philippines and abroad. The statue is permanently housed at the Basilica Minore del Santo Niño in Cebu City.
The cross at Mazaua
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_mass_in_the_Philippines#Planting_of_the_cross
Cross at Cebu
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