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资源说明：Sharding support for ActiveRecord 2.x
Please note this repository has moved to http://github.com/mperham/data_fabric
= data_fabric
DataFabric provides flexible database connection switching for ActiveRecord.
We needed two features to scale our mysql database: application-level sharding and
master/slave replication. Sharding is the process of splitting a dataset across many
independent databases. This often happens based on geographical region (e.g.
craigslist) or category (e.g. ebay). Replication provides a near-real-time copy
of a database which can be used for fault tolerance and to reduce load on the master
node. Combined, you get a scalable database solution which does not require huge
hardware to scale to huge volumes. Or: DPAYEIOB - don't put all your eggs in one
basket. :-)
== Installation
gem install data_fabric
== How does it work?
You describe the topology for your database infrastructure in your model(s).
Different models can use different topologies.
class MyHugeVolumeOfDataModel < ActiveRecord::Base
data_fabric :replicated => true, :shard_by => :city
end
There are four supported modes of operation, depending on the options given to the
data_fabric method. The plugin will look for connections in your
config/database.yml with the following convention:
No connection topology:
#{environment} - this is the default, as with ActiveRecord, e.g. "production"
data_fabric :replicated => true
#{environment}_#{role} - no sharding, just replication, where role is "master" or "slave", e.g. "production_master"
data_fabric :shard_by => :city
#{group}_#{shard}_#{environment} - sharding, no replication, e.g. "city_austin_production"
data_fabric :replicated => true, :shard_by => :city
#{group}_#{shard}_#{environment}_#{role} - sharding with replication, e.g. "city_austin_production_master"
When marked as replicated, all write and transactional operations for the model
go to the master, whereas read operations go to the slave.
Since sharding is an application-level concern, your application must set the shard
to use based on the current request or environment. The current shard
is set on a thread local variable. For example, you can set the shard in an
ActionController around_filter based on the user as follows:
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
around_filter :select_shard
private
def select_shard(&block)
DataFabric.activate_shard(:city => @current_user.city, &block)
end
end
== Warnings
* Sharded models should never be placed in the session store or you will get "Shard not set" errors when the session is persisted.
* DataFabric does not support running with ActiveRecord's allow_concurrency = true in AR 2.0 and 2.1. allow_concurrency is gone in AR 2.2.
== Testing and Bug Reports
If you think you've found a problem with data_fabric, please use the example application to reproduce the bug and send me the diff. The example application is a stock Rails 2.1 application which uses data_fabric in the expected fashion.
== Thanks to...
Rick Olsen of Rails Core:: for the Masochism plugin, which showed me how to bend AR's connection handling to my will
Bradley Taylor of RailsMachine:: for the advice to shard while at acts_as_conference
FiveRuns:: for paying me to develop this code and allowing its release
== Author
Mike Perham
http://mikeperham.com
== LICENSE:
(The FiveRuns License)
Copyright (c) 2008 FiveRuns Corporation
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
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