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资源说明：Python screenshot library, replacement for the Pillow ImageGrab module on Linux.
tldr: Use [Pillow][15]
The ``pyscreenshot`` module is obsolete in most cases.
It was created because [PIL][5] ImageGrab module worked on Windows only,
but now Linux and macOS are also [supported][15] by Pillow.
There are some features in ``pyscreenshot`` which can be useful in special cases:
flexible backends, Wayland support, sometimes better performance, optional subprocessing.
The module can be used to copy the contents of the screen to a [Pillow][6] image memory
using various back-ends. Replacement for the [ImageGrab][15] Module.
For handling image memory (e.g. saving to file, converting,..) please read [Pillow][6] documentation.
Links:
* home: https://github.com/ponty/pyscreenshot
* PYPI: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyscreenshot
Goal:
Pyscreenshot tries to allow to take screenshots without installing 3rd party libraries.
It is cross-platform.
It is only a pure Python wrapper, a thin layer over existing back-ends.
Its strategy should work on most Linux distributions:
a lot of back-ends are wrapped, if at least one exists then it works,
if not then one back-end should be installed.
Features:
* Cross-platform wrapper
* Capturing the whole desktop or an area
* saving to [Pillow][6] image memory
* some back-ends are based on this discussion: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/69645/take-a-screenshot-via-a-python-script-linux
* pure Python library
* supported Python versions: 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10
* It has wrappers for various back-ends:
* [scrot][1]
* [maim][2]
* [ImageMagick][3]
* [Pillow][6]
* [PyQt4][7]
* [PyQt5][8]
* [PySide][9]
* [PySide2][10]
* [wxPython][12]
* Quartz (Mac)
* screencapture (Mac)
* [gnome-screenshot][13]
* [Python MSS][14]
* [Grim][19]
* Old removed backends: QtPy, PyGTK
* Performance is not the main target for this library, but you can benchmark the possible settings and choose the fastest one.
* Interactivity is not supported.
* Mouse pointer is not visible.
Known problems:
* KDE Wayland has on screen notification
* gnome-screenshot has Flash effect (https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=672759)
Installation:
```console
$ python3 -m pip install Pillow pyscreenshot
```
Examples
========
```py
# pyscreenshot/examples/grabfullscreen.py
"Grab the whole screen"
import pyscreenshot as ImageGrab
# grab fullscreen
im = ImageGrab.grab()
# save image file
im.save("fullscreen.png")
```
```py
# pyscreenshot/examples/grabbox.py
"Grab the part of the screen"
import pyscreenshot as ImageGrab
# part of the screen
im = ImageGrab.grab(bbox=(10, 10, 510, 510)) # X1,Y1,X2,Y2
# save image file
im.save("box.png")
```
```py
# pyscreenshot/examples/virtdisp.py
"Create screenshot of xmessage with Xvfb"
from time import sleep
from easyprocess import EasyProcess
from pyvirtualdisplay import Display
import pyscreenshot as ImageGrab
with Display(size=(100, 60)) as disp: # start Xvfb display
# display is available
with EasyProcess(["xmessage", "hello"]): # start xmessage
sleep(1) # wait for diplaying window
img = ImageGrab.grab()
img.save("xmessage.png")
```
Image:
Performance
===========
The performance can be checked with `pyscreenshot.check.speedtest` module.
Backends are started in a subprocess with default (safest) settings
which is necessary to isolate them from the main process and from each other.
Disabling this option makes performance much better, but it may cause problems in some cases.
Test on Ubuntu 20.04 X11
Versions:
```console
$ python3 -m pyscreenshot.check.versions
python 3.8.5
pyscreenshot 2.3
pil 8.0.1
mss 6.1.0
scrot 1.2
grim ?.?
maim 5.5.3
imagemagick 6.9.10
pyqt5 5.14.1
pyqt
pyside2 5.14.0
pyside
wx 4.0.7
pygdk3 3.36.0
mac_screencapture
mac_quartz
gnome_dbus ?.?
gnome-screenshot 3.36.0
kwin_dbus ?.?
```
```console
$ python3 -m pyscreenshot.check.speedtest
n=10
------------------------------------------------------
default 1 sec ( 101 ms per call)
pil 1.7 sec ( 166 ms per call)
mss 1.9 sec ( 191 ms per call)
scrot 0.97 sec ( 97 ms per call)
grim
maim 1.4 sec ( 144 ms per call)
imagemagick 2.4 sec ( 235 ms per call)
pyqt5 4.3 sec ( 429 ms per call)
pyqt
pyside2 4.2 sec ( 423 ms per call)
pyside
wx 4.1 sec ( 412 ms per call)
pygdk3 2 sec ( 204 ms per call)
mac_screencapture
mac_quartz
gnome_dbus 1.4 sec ( 144 ms per call)
gnome-screenshot 3.8 sec ( 381 ms per call)
kwin_dbus
```
```console
$ python3 -m pyscreenshot.check.speedtest --childprocess 0
n=10
------------------------------------------------------
default 0.11 sec ( 10 ms per call)
pil 0.09 sec ( 8 ms per call)
mss 0.15 sec ( 15 ms per call)
scrot 0.95 sec ( 95 ms per call)
grim
maim 1.5 sec ( 145 ms per call)
imagemagick 2.4 sec ( 235 ms per call)
pyqt5 1.1 sec ( 114 ms per call)
pyqt
pyside2 1.2 sec ( 118 ms per call)
pyside
wx 0.43 sec ( 43 ms per call)
pygdk3 0.16 sec ( 15 ms per call)
mac_screencapture
mac_quartz
gnome_dbus 1.5 sec ( 147 ms per call)
gnome-screenshot 3.8 sec ( 383 ms per call)
kwin_dbus
```
You can force a backend:
```python
import pyscreenshot as ImageGrab
im = ImageGrab.grab(backend="scrot")
```
You can force if subprocess is applied, setting it to False together with `mss` gives the best performance in most cases:
```python
# best performance
import pyscreenshot as ImageGrab
im = ImageGrab.grab(backend="mss", childprocess=False)
```
Wayland
=======
Wayland is supported with two setups:
1. using D-Bus on GNOME or KDE. Python 3 only.
2. using [Grim][19] on any Wayland compositor with wlr-screencopy-unstable-v1 support. (GNOME:no, KDE:no, Sway:yes)
If both Wayland and X are available then Wayland is preferred
because Xwayland can not be used for screenshot.
Rules for decision:
1. use X if DISPLAY variable exists and XDG_SESSION_TYPE variable != "wayland"
2. use Wayland if 1. is not successful
Dependencies
============
Only pure python modules are used:
1. [EasyProcess][17] for calling programs
2. [entrypoint2][18] for generating command line interface
3. [MSS][14] backend is added because it is very fast and pure and multiplatform
4. [jeepney][16] for D-Bus calls
Hierarchy
=========
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrot
[2]: https://github.com/naelstrof/maim
[3]: https://www.imagemagick.org/
[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_Imaging_Library
[6]: https://pypi.org/project/Pillow/
[7]: https://pypi.org/project/PyQt4/
[8]: https://pypi.org/project/PyQt5/
[9]: https://pypi.org/project/PySide/
[10]: https://pypi.org/project/PySide2/
[12]: https://www.wxpython.org/
[13]: https://git.gnome.org/browse/gnome-screenshot/
[14]: https://github.com/BoboTiG/python-mss
[15]: https://pillow.readthedocs.org/en/latest/reference/ImageGrab.html
[16]: https://pypi.org/project/jeepney/
[17]: https://github.com/ponty/EasyProcess
[18]: https://github.com/ponty/entrypoint2
[19]: https://github.com/emersion/grim
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