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django_templatecomponents

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资源说明：A django application that makes it easy organize your component source (javascript, css) right in your django templates to to make your website much faster.

=========================
django-templatecomponents
=========================

:Author: `Filip Noetzel `_
:Version: v0.03
:Web: http://j03.de/projects/django-templatecomponents/
:Git: ``git clone http://j03.de/git/django-templatecomponents.git/``
  ( `browse `_,
  also `on github `_)
:Download: `django-templatecomponents.tar.gz `_

A `django `_ application that makes it easy to
organize your component source (JavaScript, CSS) in your django templates.

Overview
========

Define your JavaScript and CSS source right beneath the HTML skeleton that it's
used on:

``template.html``:

  .. sourcecode:: html+django
  
    {% css print %}
      a[href]:after{
        content: " [" attr(href) "] ";
      }
    {% endcss %}
    
    {% css screen print %}
      #clickme { font-weight: bold; }
    {% endcss %}
    
    {% js client %}
      document.getElementById('clickme').onclick = function() {
        alert('Ugh! I have been clicked');
      }
    {% endjs %}
    
    Click me

This would result in

``print.css``:

  .. sourcecode:: css
  
      /* extracted css from template '/path/to/template.html' with groups print */
      a[href]:after{
        content: " [" attr(href) "] ";
      }
      /* extracted css from template '/path/to/template.html' with groups print screen */
      #clickme { font-weight: bold; }

``screen.css``:

  .. sourcecode:: css

      /* extracted css from template '/path/to/template.html' with groups print screen */
      #clickme { font-weight: bold; }

``client.js``:

  .. sourcecode:: javascript

      /* extracted css from template '/path/to/template.html' with groups client */
      document.getElementById('clickme').onclick = function() {
        alert('Ugh! I have been clicked');
      }

Benefits
========

Serve your components from one file
-----------------------------------

(see also `rule #1 `_) 

You can arrange your template component blocks in (multiple) groups, to access
them by different urls (Here, ``print.js`` will contain the concatenated
content of the first two blocks).

One can imagine groups for

* printing CSS
* screen CSS
* presentation CSS
* additional CSS and JavaScript for authenticated / paying users
* CSS for browers with enabled or disabled JavaScript
* CSS and JavaScript for mobile devices
* CSS and JavaScript for legacy browsers
* `Splitting the initial payload `_
* Splitting JavaScript in `25K-Slices for the iPhone `_

Usage
=====

Static file generation
----------------------

While you want your template components be processed on the fly while
developing, you can generate static files from your template components upon
each deployment:

.. sourcecode:: default

  $ ./manage.py generate_templatecomponents
  Generating print.css
  Generating screen.css
  Generating screen.js

Priority based block dependency
-------------------------------

Some CSS Rules and JavaScript might depend on each other (Specific CSS rules
override basic CSS Rules; some of your JavaScript depends on your favorite ajax
library).

Each block can have a priority, the following example illustrates this:

``template1.html``:

  .. sourcecode:: js+django

    {% js xlib 5 %} x = x + 1; {% endjs %}

``template2.html``:

  .. sourcecode:: js+django

    {% js xlib 10 %} var x = 1; {% endjs %}

This would ensure, the javascript block from ``template2.html`` appears above the
one from ``template1.html``:

``xlib.js``:

  .. sourcecode:: javascript

    /* extracted javascript from '/path/to/template2.html' with priority 10 with groups screen*/
    var x = 1;

    /* extracted javascript from '/path/to/template1.html' with priority 5 with groups screen*/
    x = x + 1;


It is recommended to give a high priority for JavaScript libraries, a lower for
custom built library code and a very low priority for custom code snippets.

Including external libraries
----------------------------

You can easily include additional static files (like JavaScript libraries, CSS
frameworks, ..), by specifying them in your ``settings.py``:

  .. sourcecode:: python
  
    TEMPLATECOMPONENTS_ADDITIONAL = {
        os.path.join(MEDIA_ROOT, 'js/prototype.js'):     'js 10 script',
        os.path.join(MEDIA_ROOT, 'js/scriptaculous.js'): 'js 9 script',
        os.path.join(MEDIA_ROOT, 'js/effects.js'):       'js 8 script',
        # .. 
    }

This way, you can avoid putting third party code in your ``templates/``
directory and adding django template tags in the first and last line.

Preprocessing JavaScript and CSS with Django Templates
------------------------------------------------------

You can use every aspect of the `django template language
`_ and all the `builtin
template tags and filters
`_.

However, the
`context `_
that is available within the templatecomponent-tags only contains ``settings``
(with the contents of your `settings.py
`_).

.. note::
  The ``{% css %}`` and ``{% js %}`` blocks are evaluated once at deployment
  time, when you generate the static files.

Examples
########

Settings-dependent inclusions
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

  .. sourcecode:: js+django
  
    {% js script %}
      var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("{{ settings.GOOGLE_ANALYTICS_KEY }}");
      pageTracker._trackPageview();
    {% js %}

Debug-build
+++++++++++

  .. sourcecode:: js+django
  
    {% js script %}
      var complex = function() {
        {% if settings.debug %}
          console.log("Complex function invoked");
        {% endif%}
        var x = 5;
        // very complex code..
      }
    {% js %}

CSS Variables
+++++++++++++

  .. sourcecode:: css+django
  
    {% css style %}
      body {
        background-color: {{ settings.colors.background }};
      }
    {% endcss %}

Installation 
============

Download
--------

Using git:

  .. sourcecode:: bash
  
    git clone http://j03.de/git/django-templatecomponents.git/

Using tarball:

  .. sourcecode:: bash
  
    curl 'http://j03.de/git/?p=django-templatecomponents.git;a=snapshot;sf=tgz' > django-hashedmedia.tar.gz
    tar -xvzf django-templatecomponents.tar.gz
    rm django-templatecomponents.tar.gz

Put the folder ``django-templatecomponents`` somewhere in your ``$PYTHONPATH``
(presumably your project folder, where your ``manage.py`` lives).

Configuration
-------------

Adopt your development ``urls.py`` like this:

  .. sourcecode:: python
  
    if settings.DEBUG:
        urlpatterns += patterns('',
            (r'^static/(?P.*\.(js|css))$', 'templatecomponents.views.generate'),

	    # make sure to have the above rule before your
	    # django.views.static.serve rule

            (r'^static/(?P.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {
              'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT
            }),
        )

Misc
====

Syntax highlighting in vim
--------------------------
To get the syntax highlighting for the (now embedded) css and javascript in
vim, create a file at ``~/.vim/after/syntax/htmldjango.vim`` with the following
contents:

.. sourcecode:: vim

  syn region javaScript start=+{% js+ keepend end=+{% endjs %}+me=s-1 contains=@htmlJavaScript,htmlCssStyleComment,htmlScriptTag,@htmlPreproc
  syn region cssStyle start=+{% css+ keepend end=+{% endcss %}+ contains=@htmlCss,htmlTag,htmlEndTag,htmlCssStyleComment,@htmlPreproc

What next ?
-----------

* Convert all your components to template components.
* Read `Steve Souder's "High Performance Web Sites" `_
* See `django-hashedmedia `_ to speed up your loading times even further.

License
-------

django-templatecomponents is licensed as `Beerware
`_, patches (including documentation!)
and suggestions are welcome.

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