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资源说明：A command-line utility which creates a background wallpaper to span multiple displays/monitors and sets it as the current background.
makeSpanningBackground
======================
Selects and sets the background wallpaper on multiple displays/monitors (and
single monitors also).
The makeSpanningBackground program runs on both Linux and Windows versions of
Python. Most of the testing has been on one and two monitor systems with
Python 2.7 or 3.X, on Ubuntu and Windows 7, but Fedora, Vista, and Windows XP
have also had some testing. Note that under KDE and Xfce on Linux the
generated image may not be automatically set to be the wallpaper (with the
"spanned" mode auto-set); you'll have to apply those settings by hand.
As of Oct 2014 this program works on Cinnamon and Unity, at least, but Gnome
and LXDE have been changing the way they handle background images so it may not
work. There is now a Bash script in the bin directory which can be used as a
simplified frontend to the full program on Linux systems.
Dependencies
============
The dependencies are as follows:
::
Linux with Python 2.x (at least Python 2.6):
Ubuntu Fedora
numpy sudo apt-get install python-numpy yum install numpy
scipy sudo apt-get install python-scipy yum install scipy
PIL sudo apt-get install python-imaging yum install python-imaging
xrandr pre-installed for most distributions
gsettings pre-installed for most distributions
Linux with Python 3.x:
Same as for Python 2.x. For numpy and scipy just apt-get the version
that starts with python3, e.g., python3-numpy.
Windows with Python 2.x or 3.x (at least Python 2.6):
Needs numpy, scipy, and PIL. Windows users who want binaries and are not
using a package like Anaconda or Python(x,y) where the dependencies are
pre-installed might try the following (get the version to match the
installed Python):
http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#pil
http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#numpy
http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#scipy
Note that on Windows the background mode must be set to "tiled" in the
standard wallpaper-selection dialog window. The program will attempt
to do this, but if that doesn't work it will need to be set by the user.
On XP you may need to always choose the .bmp format for the saved image
files.
Windows Cygwin Python
The dependencies are the same as in Windows. Cygwin comes with
packages for python-argparse, python-imaging, and python-numpy.
Unfortunately, scipy is apparently difficult to install in Cygwin.
You can run the script with Windows Python from a Cygwin terminal.
Documentation
=============
For the general documentation, run::
python makeSpanningBackground.py --help
The output of that command follows::
Usage: makeSpanningBackground.py [-h] -o OUTFILE_NAME [-v] [-1]
[-f R_VAL G_VAL B_VAL] [-t MINUTES]
[-p PCT_FLOAT] [-z ONE_OF_012345] [-s]
[-c R_VAL G_VAL B_VAL] [-R] [-d]
[--noclobber] [-r RESLIST [RESLIST ...]]
[-w X_POS Y_POS] [-x] [-L FNAME]
IMAGE_FILE_OR_DIR [IMAGE_FILE_OR_DIR ...]
Description:
Make a single, combined background image file from separate background
image files, one for each display. The default is to get information
from the system about the display resolutions, and to randomly choose
an image for each display from the image files and image directories
provided. Sampling is without replacement; the full list is regenerated
when it is empty (including any changes which might have occurred in
the directories).
The positional arguments are image files and directories containing
image files. The required flag '--outfile' or '-o' specifies the
pathname of the file where the combined image file will be written (or
silently overwritten). An example:
python makeSpanningBackground.py ~/bgDir photo.jpg -o combo.bmp
On Linux the program file can be made executable and the initial
"python" above can be omitted if the Python version at
"/usr/bin/python" is the correct one (if not, the first line in the
program can be modified). Windows users can achieve the same effect by
renaming the script to have a '.py' suffix and making sure '.PY' is in
the PATHEXT list. On any system the program file (or a script calling
it) can be placed somewhere in the PATH to avoid having to supply the
path.
To use this kind of combined background image in Linux the background
mode should be set to 'spanned'; the program will attempt to set this
automatically. On Windows the background mode should be 'tiled', but
the mode must be explicitly set by the user (usually from the system's
background-setting window). In Windows XP the '.bmp' format should be
chosen for the output file (simply by using that suffix on the output
filename). Also, backgrounds set in Windows XP do not persist between
logins and must be reset.
Note that this program can be set as a startup program to change the
background wallpaper on logins. When the '-t ' command switch
is used the program will infinitely loop, waiting for the specified
number of minutes between iterations.
It is convenient to create a simple shell-script wrapper or batch file
to call the program with the "usual" command-line arguments.
Positional arguments:
IMAGE_FILE_OR_DIR A whitespace-separated list of the pathnames of image
files and/or directories containing image files. Use
quotes around any file or directory name which
contains a space. Pathnames can be repeated on the
list, and the list will be reloaded if it becomes
empty. A specified filename will be silently ignored
if it does not have a suffix in the list ['.BMP',
'.DCX', '.DIB', '.EPS', '.GIF', '.IM', '.JPE',
'.JPEG', '.JPG', '.PBM', '.PCD', '.PCX', '.PDF',
'.PGM', '.PNG', '.PPM', '.PS', '.PSD', '.TIF',
'.TIFF', '.XBM', '.XPM', '.bmp', '.dcx', '.dib',
'.eps', '.gif', '.im', '.jpe', '.jpeg', '.jpg',
'.pbm', '.pcd', '.pcx', '.pdf', '.pgm', '.png',
'.ppm', '.ps', '.psd', '.tif', '.tiff', '.xbm',
'.xpm'].
Optional arguments:
-h, --help Show this help message and exit.
-o OUTFILE_NAME, --outfile OUTFILE_NAME
The pathname of the output file. This flag is
required. Any existing file by that name will be
silently overwritten. The filename can have any suffix
that ndimage (via PIL) can handle, and the output file
will be written in that format. Not all formats will
necessarily be settable as background images. Common
choices are '.jpg' and '.bmp', where the latter
produces files which are larger but of higher quality.
Note that Windows XP requires the '.bmp' format.
-v, --verbose Print more information about the program's actions and
progress. Without this switch only error messages are
printed to the screen.
-1, --oneimage Use a single background image, scaled to stretch over
all the displays. This is currently based on the
screen resolutions, not the physical sizes of the
monitors (dpi).
-f R_VAL G_VAL B_VAL, --fitimage R_VAL G_VAL B_VAL
If this option is set then images are scaled to fully
fit into the corresponding display. The three
arguments are RGB byte values specifying the color of
any region not covered by an image. Use '-f 0 0 0' for
black. The default program behavior without this
switch is to use the minimum scaling to completely
fill the display while preserving the aspect ratio.
-t MINUTES, --timedelay MINUTES
If this option is set the program will infinitely
loop. On each iteration it will collect the current
display information, re-select images for each
display, create a combined image, and set it as the
background (assuming that behavior is not modified by
any other options). The floating point argument gives
the number of minutes to sleep between iterations. The
image list will only be reloaded when it becomes
empty, so every image will be used exactly once before
any images are reloaded.
-p PCT_FLOAT, --percenterror PCT_FLOAT
The percentage of an image's area which is allowed to
be cropped-out when scaling it to fit a display
resolution. In '--fitimage' mode it is the percent of
non-image in the display area. In '--oneimage' mode it
is the percent of the image that does not fall onto
any display. Set this option to zero for exact fit
only. The program will exit with an error message if
it cannot find enough suitable images.
-z ONE_OF_012345, --zoomspline ONE_OF_012345
Set the order of the spline used by ndimage to resize
(zoom) images. The value can be from 0 to 5, with 3
the default. Lower orders are faster, higher orders
have better quality. (Also, for higher-quality images:
output files in '.bmp' format are larger but tend to
look better.)
-s, --sequential Process images sequentially as listed in the
positional arguments, with the files in any image
directories forming alphabetical sublists. This can be
used to force specific images to appear on specific
displays. On Linux the ordering of the displays is the
same as in xrandr. If you are unsure about the
ordering, try some images and see where they end up.
If display resolutions and offsets are explicitly set
with '--reslist' and '--sequential' is set then the
image files will corresponding one to one with the
list of resolution specifiers.
-c R_VAL G_VAL B_VAL, --colorfill R_VAL G_VAL B_VAL
The three arguments are RGB byte values specifying the
color of any region in the large, combined image (a
bounding-box on the displays) which is not covered by
a display. Use '-c 0 0 0' for black.
-R, --recursive Recursively search any supplied image directories for
image files.
-d, --dontapply Do not attempt to apply the created image as the
working background image. The program will simply exit
after writing the image file.
--noclobber Never overwrite an existing file as the output
file.
-r RESLIST [RESLIST ...], --reslist RESLIST [RESLIST ...]
Set the resolutions and offsets to use. No system
lookup will be attempted. This must be a space-
separated list of strings of the form
x*y+xOffset+yOffset (like in the output of xrandr on
Linux), where xOffset and yOffset give the top-left
position of the display and x and y are the display
sizes (resolution). Like in X11, (0,0) is assumed to
be at the top left of a bounding box on all the
displays. For a Windows machine the top left of the
primary display will also need to be defined, using
the '--windows' option described below. This option
cannot be immediately followed by the positional
arguments.
-w X_POS Y_POS, --windows X_POS Y_POS
This option should only be necessary on a Windows
machine when using the '--reslist' option. The two
arguments x and y (in that order) should be set to the
top left position of the primary display. This is
necessary because, unlike X11, Windows assumes (0,0)
is at the top left of the primary display. Other
displays can then have negative locations. This
program translates Windows positions so that all
addresses are positive, with (0,0) at the top left of
all the displays (which is how positions should be
entered for the '--reslist' option). The program then
corrects for this translation in a final step, which
wraps the image into tiled mode relative to the
primary display. This requires knowing the top left
position of the primary display.
-x, --x11 Create an X11 type image even if Windows is detected
as the OS. When this option is selected no final
"modular wrap" will be applied to correct for the
position of the primary display.
-L FNAME, --logcurrent FNAME
Write the names of the current images to a file. The
single argument is the name of the file to write the
filenames to. Useful when you want to know the
filenames of the images being displayed.
The makeSpanningBackground program is Copyright (c) 2012 by Allen Barker.
Released under the MIT license.
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